Biostratigraphy of the Nayband Formation on the basis of plant macrofossils in the Parvadeh Coal Mines, Tabas

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, University Theran

Abstract

The Ghadir Member of the Nayband Formation is well-exposed in the Parvadeh mine area, southwest Tabas city, Central-East Iran. It contains abundant well-preserved plant macrofossils belonging to 24 taxa of various orders, such as Equisetales, Osmundales, Filicales, Peltaspermales, Bennettitales, Cycadales, and Coniferales. Based on the occurrence of Equisetites arenaceus, Scytophyllum persicum, Pterophyllum aequale, Pterophyllum bavieri, and Nilssoniopteris musafolia the Rhaetian age is suggested for this assemblage. Furthermore, Neocalamites cf. meriani, Weltrichia primaeva, and Carpolithes sp. are reported for the first time from this area. According to stratigraphic distribution of taxa, one biozone is recognized- Assemblage zone I. This assemblage of plant macrofossil remains suggests a humid tropical to subtropical climate for this period of time.
 

Keywords



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Fig. 3: 1, 2, 6, 10- Equisetites muensteri; 3, 7- cf. Todites crenatum; 4, 11- Pterophyllum contiguum; 5, 8, 9, 14- Nilssonia acuminata; 12- Phlebopteris muensteri; 13- Scytophyllum persicum; 15- Pterophyllum schenki; 16- Dictyozamites asseretoi. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 4: 1- cf. Weltrichia primaeva; 2- cf. Todites crenatum; 3- Dictyophyllum exile; 4- Elatocladus sp.; 5- Carpolithes sp.; 6- Phlebopteris polypodioides; 7- Neocalamites cf. meriani; 8, 10- Pterophyllum contiguum; 9, 11- Nilssonia undulata. Scale bars = 1 cm.



Plate I- Figs. 1, 3- Equisetites muensteri- FJPT-1, FJPT-2; Fig. 2- Equisetites arenaceus- FJPT-6; Fig. 4- Neocalamites cf. meriani- FJPT-8; Fig. 5- Dictyophyllum exile- FJPT-11; Fig. 6- cf. Todites crenatum- FJPT-9. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Plate II. Figs. 1, 3- Phlebopteris polypodioides- FJPT-14, FJPT-15; Fig. 2- Equisetites muensteri- FJPT-5; Fig. 4- Phlebopteris muensteri- FJPT-12.

Plate III- Fig. 1- Scytophyllum persicum- FJPT-18; Fig. 2- Nilssonia undulata - FJPT-50; Fig. 3- Cladophlebis nebbensis- FJPT-16.

Plate IV- Fig. 1- Nilssonia cf. pterophylloides- FJPT-54; Fig. 2- Pterophyllum bavieri- FJPT-21; Fig. 3- Dictyozamites asseretoi- FJPT-20; Fig. 4- cf. Todites crenatum- FJPT-10.

Plate V- Figs. 1, 4- Pterophyllum contiguum - FJPT-22, FJPT-23; Fig. 2- Nilssonia acuminata- FJPT-44; Fig. 3- Phlebopteris polypodioides- a pinnule of FJPT-14; Fig. 5- Cladophlebis sp.- FJPT-17; Fig. 6a- Elatocladus sp.- FJPT-59, Fig. 6b- Phlebopteris muensteri- FJPT-13.

Plate VI- Fig. 1- Nilssoniopteris musafolia- FJPT-36; Fig. 2- Nilssoniopteris schenkiana- FJPT-38; Fig. 3- Pterophyllum schenki- FJPT-28; Fig. 4- Pterophyllum tietzei- FJPT-31.

Plate VII- Fig. 1- Pterophyllum aequale- FJPT-29; Fig. 2- Nilssonia undulata- FJPT-51; Fig. 3- Pterophyllum tietzei- FJPT-30.

Plate VIII- Fig. 1- Nilssonia pseudobrevis - FJPT-47; Fig. 2- Carpolithes sp.- FJPT- 55; Fig. 3- cf. Weltrichia primaeva - FJPT-32. Scale bars = 1 cm.