بایواستراتیگرافی و پالئوژئوگرافی سازند های پادها(بخش فوقانی)، خوش ییلاق و مبارک(قاعده) در ناحیه میقان، شمال غرب شاهرود واقع در رشته کوه البرز شرقی

نویسندگان

1 استاد انستیتوی مهندسی نفت، دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناس ارش دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

 
تعداد 104 نمونه از سازندهای پادها (بخش فوقانی)، خوش­ییلاق و مبارک (بخش قاعده‌ای) در ناحیه میقان انتخاب شد. علاوه برپالینومورف‌ها، براکیوپودها و فرامینیفرهای این نمونه‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه 103 گونه میکرو و ماکروفسیل جانوری و گیاهی مشخص گردید. از این تعداد 72 گونه پالینومورف (32 گونه میوسپور، 38 گونه آکریتارش، یک کیتینوزوآو یک اسکلوکودونت) می‌باشد و بقیه را ماکرو و میکروفسیل‌های جانوری(10گونه فرامینیفرمتعلق به 5 جنس و 21 گونه براکیوپود متعلق به 15 جنس) تشکیل می‌دهد. بر مبنای انتشار چینه شناسی پالینومورف‌ها، فرامینیفرها و براکیوپودها هشت زون تجمعی شناسایی گردید. زون I در قسمت بالای سازند پادها ظاهر می‌شود که معرف زمان فراسنین پیشین است. زون‌های II  تا VII در سازند خوش ییلاق وجود دارند که زمان فراسنین میانی تا فامنین پسین را برای این سازند پیشنهاد می‌کنند. زون VIII در قاعده‌ی سازند مبارک وجود دارد که بیانگر سن کربونیفر پیشین(تورنزین) می‌باشد.
وجود گونه‌ی میوسپور Archaeoperisaccus opiparus در بخش فوقانی سازند پادها و گونه‌های مختلف میوسپور از جمله Retispora lepidophyta، Vallatisporites pusillites، Hymenozonotriletes perplexa و Retusotriletes phillipsii در سازند خوش­ییلاق، معرف آب و هوای گرم و استوایی در زمان ته‌نشین شدن این دو سازند می‌باشد.
از سویی دیگر نسبت عددی پالینومورف‌های خشکی به دریایی (K= C.E./M.E.)در رسوبات دونین برابر 587/1  می‌باشد که این عدد بیانگر ته‌نشست رسوبات دونین در دریای کم عمق بوده و با نتایج حاصل از مطالعه رسوب‌شناسی مقاطع نازک ناحیه میقان همخوانی دارد. از طرفی حضور گونه‌های فیتوپلانکتون (آکریتارش‌ها) از قبیل: Deltotosoma intonsum،  Papulogabata annulata وGorgonisphaeridium dicissum و Maranhites perplexus  در این ناحیه و مقایسه‌ی آن‌ها با همین گونه‌ها در زاگرس، ایران مرکزی و نیز کشورهای الجزایر، لیبی، مراکش و غرب استرالیا معرف آن است که این ناحیه بخشی از ابرقاره گندوانا بوده است.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biostratigraphy and paleogeography of Padeha (upper part) Khoshyeilagh and Mobarak (lower part) formations in the Mighan area, norhwestern Shahrud city, Eastern Alborz Range

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ghavidel Syooki 1
  • Fatemeh Taherian 2
1 professor, Petroleum Engineering Institute University of Tehran
2 M.Sc. of Paleontology Payame Noor University
چکیده [English]

A total of 104 surface samples were selected from the measured stratigraphic column (upper part of Padeha, Khoshyeilagh and Lower part of Mobarak formations) in the Mighan village. The samples were analyzed in the palynological Laboratory for palynomorph entities in order to determine the age relationships of the upper part of Padeha Formation and the whole Khoshyeilagh Formation as well as the lower part of Mobarak Formation. In addition to palynomorphs, brachiopod and foraminiferal taxa were investigated in this study. A total of 103 fauna and micro floral species was identified, belonging to 72 palynomorph species (46 genera). Out of 72 palynomorph taxa 32 species belong to miospore group, 38 species related to acritarch group, one chitinozoan and one scolecodont. Moreover, 5 micro faunal genera (10 species) and 21 macro faunal spcies (15 genera) were encountered. Based on stratigraphic distributions of palynomorphs, foraminifers and brachiopods taxa eight assemblage zones were established. The zone I occurs in the upper part of the Padeha Formation and suggests the early Frasnian. The zones of II to VII are present within the Khoshyeilagh Formation and reveals the Middle Frasnian to late Famennian. The zone VIII occurs in the basal part of Mobarak Formation and suggests Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) for this part of Mobarak Formation.  The presence of miospore species of Archaeoperisaccus opiparus in the upper part of Padeha Formation and miospore spcies of Vallatisporites pusillites, Retispora lepidophyta, Retusotriletes phillipsii and Hymenozonotriletes perplexa in the Khoshyeilagh Formation suggest a  tropical latitude during the Late Devonian in the study area. On the other hand, based upon the continental elements vs. the marine elements(K=C.E./M.K.) is 1.587, suggesting a shallow marine environment, which is consistent with the sedimentological data. On the other hand, the presence acritarch taxa such as Deltotosoma intosum, Gorgonisphaeridium dicissum, Papulogobata annulata and Maranhites perplexus in the Devonian sediments were compared with those of Zagros, Central Iran, Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Western Australia suggesting broad similarity. This similarity reveals that all part of Iran has been part of Gondwana landmass during the Late Devonian.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Devonian sediments
  • Khoshyeilagh Formation
  • Upper part of Padeha Formation
  • Mighan area
  • Northwestern shahrud
 
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90- Wicander, R.E, and G.D., Wood, 1997, The use of microphytoplankton and chitinozoans for interpreting transgressive/regressive cycles in the Rapid Member of the Cedar Valley Formation (Middle Devonian), Iowa, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 98, Issues 1-2, p. 125-152.
 

 

Plate I.

Fig.1: Exochoderma irregulare Wicander, 1974.
Fig. 2: Multiplicisphaeridium varioramusum, Hashemi & Playford, 1998.
Fig. 3: Ammonidium loriferum  (Deunff), Lister, 1970.
Fig. 4:Maranhites perplexus Wicander & Playford, 1985.
Fig. 5: Papulogabata annulata Playford, 1981.
Fig. 6: Cymatiosphaera perimembrana Staplin,1962
Fig. 7: Cymatiosphaera perimembrana Staplin,1962.
Fig. 8: Polyedryxium embudum Cramer, 1964.
Fig. 9: Stellinium micropolygonale (Stockmans & Williere, 1960) Playford, 1977.
Fig. 10: Cymatiosphaera turbinata Wicander, 1977.
Fig. 11: Polyedryxium pharaonis Deunff, 1961.
Fig. 12: Cymatiosphaera perimembrana Staplin, 1962.
*Scale bar = 20 µm
 
Plate II.
Fig. 1: Solisphaeridium inaffectum  Playford in Playford and Dring, 1981.
Fig. 2: Solisphaeridium spinoglobosum (Staplin) Wicander, 1974.
Fig. 3: Gorgonisphaeridium condensum Playford, 1981.
Fig. 4: Dictyotidium litum Colbath, 1990.
Fig. 5: Dictyotidium craticulum (Wicander and Loeblich) Wicander and Playford, 1985.
Fig. 6: Melikeriopalla venulosa Playford, 1981.
Fig. 7: Gorgonisphaeridium ohioense (Winslow) Wicander, 1974.
Fig. 8: Gorgonisphaeridium discissum  Playford, 1981.
Fig. 9: Michrystridium stellatum Deflandre, 1945.
Fig. 10: Deltotosoma intonsum Playford, 1981.
Fig. 11: Horologinella horologia Staplin, Jardine et al., 1972.
Fig. 12: Dictyotidium araiomegronium Hashemi and Playford, 1998.
 
Plate III.
Fig. 1: Veryhachium pannuceum Wicander & Loeblich, Jr., 1977.
Fig. 2: Stellinium octoaster(Staplin) Jardine et al., 1972.
Fig. 3: Veryhachium downiei Stockmans & Williere, 1962.
Fig. 4: Daillydium pentaster  Staplin, Playford, 1981.
Fig. 5: Veryhachium inflatum Hashemi & Playford, 1998.
Fig. 6: Stellinium comptum Wicander  and Loeblich, 1977.
Fig. 7: Tornacia stela  Wicander, 1974.
Fig. 8: Unellium piriforme Rauscher, 1969.
Fig. 9: Unellium  winslowae Rauscher, 1969.
Fig. 10: Straitostella sparsa Hashemi & Playford, 1998.
Fig. 11: Chitinozoa.
Fig. 12: Scolecodont (Annelid Jaw).
 
Plate IV.
Fig. 1: Auroraspora torquata Higgs, 1975.
Fig. 2: Ancyrospora pluchra Owens, 1971.
Fig. 3: Lagenicula minutus Kimyai, 1979.
Fig. 4: Ancyrospora ampulla  Owens, 1971.
Fig. 5: Archaeoperisaccus opiparus Owens,1971.
Fig. 6: Hystricosporites reflexus Owens, 1971.
Fig. 7: Diducites mucronatus (Kedo) Van Veen, 1981.
Fig. 8: Densosporites rotatus Staplin, 1960.
Fig. 9: Geminospora lemurata Balme,1962.
Fig. 10: Verrucosisporites nitidus (Naumova) Playford, 1964.
Fig. 11: Hymenozonotriletes perplexa Balme & Hassel, 1962.
Fig. 12: Geminospora punctata Owens, 1971.
*Scale bar = 20 µm
 
Plate V.
Fig. 1: Indotriradiates explanatus (Luber) Playford, 1991.
Fig. 2: Grandispora mammillata Owens, 1971.
Fig. 3: Retusotriletes phillipsii Clendennig, Eames and Woods, 1980.
Fig. 4: Verrucosisporitespremnus Richardson, 1965.
Fig. 5: Rhabdosporites micropaxillus Owens, 1971.
Fig. 6: Retusotriletes distinctus Richardson, 1965.
Fig. 7: Grandispora famenensis(Naumova, 1953) Streel, 1986.
Fig. 8: Vallatisporites pussillites (Kedo) Dolbyand Neves, 1970.
Fig. 9: Retispora lepidophyta (Kedo) Playford, 1976.
Fig. 10: Emphanisporites rotatus McGregor, 1961.
Fig. 11: Geminospora verrucosa  Owens, 1971.
Fig. 12: Grandispora megista Balme, 1988.